TAXLITIGATOR – Tax Controversy (Civil & Criminal) Report

We are pleased to announce that Michel R. Stein and Cory Stigile along with Timothy Bilotta will be speaking at the upcoming Barbri webinar on Navigating IRS Corporate and High-Income Taxpayer Audits, on Wednesday, March 4, 2026, 10:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m. (PST).

We are honored to have Tim join us for the program. Tim is recently retired from the Internal Revenue Service where he recently served as Director of SBSE Southwest Area Field Exam.

This webinar will review the IRS’ latest campaign targeting high-income taxpayers, partnerships, corporations, and promoters. The panel will discuss the state of the current initiative, explain how to handle the IRS examination itself, voluntary disclosure options, current challenges facing taxpayers, and tactics to avoid penalties. The panel will also discuss key areas of focus where the IRS has detected abuse, such as digital assets, offshore structures, micro-captive insurance arrangements, syndicated conservation easements, and more.

We are also pleased to announce that we will be able to offer a limited number of complimentary registrations for this program on a first come first serve basis. If you are interested in attending, please contact Sharon Tanaka at sht@taxlitigator.com.

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Michel R. Stein, a principal of Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., is a nationally recognized tax attorney with nearly 30 years of experience in tax controversy and planning for individuals and business entities. He is widely respected for his ability to resolve complex and sensitive tax controversies before the Internal Revenue Service and the California Franchise Tax Board, including matters involving significant civil and criminal exposure, and is a trusted resource to clients and advisors navigating the most challenging areas of federal and state tax law. His commentary and insights have been featured in leading tax publications, webinars, and media outlets addressing emerging issues in tax enforcement and policy.

Mr. Stein has represented hundreds of clients in civil tax examinations, administrative appeals, and litigation before the U.S. Tax Court, U.S. District Courts, California Superior Court, and the U.S. Courts of Appeals. He routinely advises and defends clients in matters involving California Residency, Digital Assets and Cryptocurrency Investigations, High-Net-Worth Taxpayer Compliance and Examination, Domestic and International Tax Compliance, Voluntary Disclosures and Streamlined Filings, Challenges to Listed and Reportable Transactions, Partnership Tax and Audit Rules, Employment Tax and Worker Classification Issues, as well as tax controversies arising from Complex Real Estate and Business Transactions.  He began his legal career as an Attorney Advisor to Special Trial Judge Larry Nameroff of the U.S. Tax Court and is a Certified Specialist in Taxation Law by the State Bar of California.

For more information, please contact Michel R. Stein at stein@taxlitigator.com

Cory Stigile is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., who specializes in tax controversies as well as business and international tax. His representation includes federal and state tax controversy matters, including sensitive tax-related examinations and investigations for individuals, partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations. His practice also includes complex civil tax examinations, administrative appeals and tax collection proceedings (where he is widely respected for achieving meaningful resolutions of difficult tax collection issues). He has litigated cases in the U.S. Tax Court, the U.S. District Court, the Court of Federal Claims and the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.

Mr. Stigile is a Certified Specialist, Taxation Law, The State Bar of California, Board of Legal Specialization.

Mr. Stigile is also a CPA licensed in California. He is an active volunteer with CalCPA and the AICPA, and is the President of PADI Foundation. 

For more information, please contact Cory Stigile at stigile@taxlitigator.com.

We’re pleased to announce that Sebastian Voth along with Ed Froelich and Sam Hamer (McDermott, Will & Schulte) will be speaking at the upcoming Barbri webinar on Economic Substance Doctrine: Withstanding IRS Challenges on Thursday, March 5, 2026, 10:00 a.m. – 11:50 a.m. (PST).

This webinar will review the economic substance doctrine (“ESD”) as it has been applied by courts and the IRS. The panelists will discuss the history of the doctrine, key judicial developments, the doctrine’s 2010 codification at I.R.C. § 7701(o), and the strict liability penalty of I.R.C. § 6662(b)(6), among other topics. The webinar is intended to assist practitioners and taxpayers in navigating ESD issues.

We are also pleased to announce that we will be able to offer a limited number of complimentary registrations for this program on a first come first serve basis. If you are interested in attending, please contact Sharon Tanaka at sht@taxlitigator.com.

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Sebastian Voth is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., specializing in tax investigations, litigation and appeals, and complex tax matters. Prior to entering private practice, Mr. Voth served for 15 years at the Internal Revenue Service including most recently as a Special Trial Attorney with the IRS Office of Chief Counsel’s Strategic Litigation Division leading trial teams in all phases of litigation before the Tax Court. During his tenure with the IRS, Mr. Voth served on the leadership team of the nationwide IRS Counsel mentoring program and mentored numerous IRS attorneys. He is the recipient of two Lucite Awards for significant Tax Court opinions and received a 2024 Special Act Award (Strategic Litigation), the 2023 Nationwide Innovator of the Year (LB&I), the 2022 Nationwide Special Trial Attorney of the Year (SB/SE), the 2017 U.S. Department of the Treasury Outstanding Litigator and the 2017 Nationwide Attorney of the Year (SB/SE). Serving as a Special Trial Attorney, Mr. Voth handled some of the IRS’s most significant and complex litigation matters.

For more information, please contact Sebastian Voth at voth@taxlitigator.com

We are pleased to announce that Steven Toscher will be speaking at the UCLA School of Law Lowell Milken Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofits and Loyola Law School 29th Annual Western Conference -Tax Exempt Organizations on Audits and Investigations, Friday, March 13, 2026, 11:15 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. the California Endowment’s Center for Healthy Communities in Downtown Los Angeles.

The current administration has issued executive orders and the Department of Justice has issued directives which have the possibility of changing the rules and enforcement landscape for tax exempt entities. Steve will be joining leading practitioners in the field of tax exempt organizations to discuss the changing landscape in IRS examinations and potential criminal investigations. 

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For more information, please contact Steven Toscher at toscher@taxlitigator.com.

Sec. 1031(a) of the Internal Revenue Code provides that no gain or loss is recognized when property held for productive use in a trade or business or for investment is exchanged for like-kind property to be held either for productive use in a trade or business or for investment. The purpose of section 1031 is to defer the recognition of gain or loss on transactions in which, although in theory the taxpayer may have realized a gain or loss, his economic situation is in substance the same after the transaction as it was before the transaction. H. Rept. No. 704, 73d Cong., 2d Sess. (1934); Jordan Marsh Co. v. Commissioner, 269 F.2d 453, 455-456 (2d Cir. 1959).

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Robert S. Horwitz is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., former Chair of the Taxation Section, California Lawyers’ Association, a Fellow of the American College of Tax Counsel, a former Assistant United States Attorney and a former Trial Attorney, United States Department of Justice Tax Division. He represents clients throughout the United States and elsewhere involving federal and state administrative civil tax disputes and tax litigation as well as defending clients in criminal tax investigations and prosecutions. In 2022 the Tax Section of the California Lawyers Association awarded him the Joanne M. Garvey Award for lifetime achievement in and contributions to the field of tax law. Additional information is available at http://www.taxlitigator.com

For more information, please contact Robert S. Horwitz at horwitz@taxlitigator.com

Generally, an enrolled member of a federally recognized Indian tribe who resides on his or her tribe’s reservation in California is subject to California personal income tax, except with respect to income derived from sources within the tribe’s reservation. See McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission, 411 U.S. 164 (1974).

In Legal Notice 2015-1, the California Franchise Tax Board set out its position on whether an enrolled member of a federally recognized Indian Tribe is living on or off the reservation for California personal income tax purposes. The FTB articulated four scenarios and stated that the FTB would apply the “closest connections” test articulated in Appeal of Stephen Bragg, 2003-SBE-003 and other Board of Equalization cases to determine whether a tribal member would be treated as residing on a tribal reservation.

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Michel R. Stein is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez, specializing in both civil and criminal tax controversies at every administrative level of the Internal Revenue Service and the California Franchise Tax Board, as well as tax planning for individuals, businesses and corporations. For almost 30 years, he has represented individuals with sensitive issue civil tax examinations where substantial penalty issues may arise and extensively advised individuals on foreign and domestic voluntary disclosures regarding foreign account and asset compliance matters. Mr. Stein is a frequent lecturer at national and regional conferences on a wide range of tax-related topics including tax residency matters, cryptocurrency, sensitive tax compliance issues, international tax issues, and State and Federal worker classification issues. Additional information is available at http://www.taxlitigator.com

For more information, please contact Michel R. Stein at stein@taxlitigator.com

Robert S. Horwitz is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., former Chair of the Taxation Section, California Lawyers’ Association, a Fellow of the American College of Tax Counsel, a former Assistant United States Attorney and a former Trial Attorney, United States Department of Justice Tax Division.  He represents clients throughout the United States and elsewhere involving federal and state administrative civil tax disputes and tax litigation as well as defending clients in criminal tax investigations and prosecutions. In 2022 the Tax Section of the California Lawyers Association awarded him the Joanne M. Garvey Award for lifetime achievement in and contributions to the field of tax law. Additional information is available at http://www.taxlitigator.com.

For more information, please contact Robert S. Horwitz at horwitz@taxlitigator.com

On my way to Mérida in the Yucatán. Great weather, great food, Mayan ruins and exploration of the intersection of tax fraud and customs fraud with two great panel members, Wazirah Allen, IRS-Criminal Investigations, Director of International Operations and Jeff Neiman, Neiman Mays Floch & Almeida PLLC. Patrick Martin is a great host and thank you University of SanDiego and Chamberlain. 

We will be speaking on Where There is Tariff Evasion, Tax Fraud is not Far Behind, Tuesday, February 17, 2026, 9:00 a.m. – 9:50 a.m. at Centro Internacional de Congresos en Mérida, México.

Tariff fraud often creates ripples beyond customs enforcement — leading directly into income tax fraud cases. This panel will discuss the important role the IRS Criminal Investigations is playing in the joint task force on combating tariff and customs fraud and will discuss real-world patterns where undervaluation, false invoicing, and transshipment schemes in customs filings lead to customs fraud and tax evasion. The panel will explore coordinated enforcement between the Department of Justice and various US and foreign investigative agencies. 

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For more information, please contact Steven Toscher at toscher@taxlitigator.com.

In 2008, California enacted the Property Assessed Clean Energy (“PACE”) Act that allows local governments to provide homeowners with financing for energy efficient home improvements. PACE allows local governments to fund their PACE programs by issuing bonds. The special assessment is assessed and collected “in the same manner and at the same time” as local taxes and secured by a priority tax lien that runs with the land. In exchange for the financing, the homeowner must agree to a voluntary special assessment added to their property taxes and secured by a lien on their real property.

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Robert S. Horwitz is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., former Chair of the Taxation Section, California Lawyers’ Association, a Fellow of the American College of Tax Counsel, a former Assistant United States Attorney and a former Trial Attorney, United States Department of Justice Tax Division.  He represents clients throughout the United States and elsewhere involving federal and state administrative civil tax disputes and tax litigation as well as defending clients in criminal tax investigations and prosecutions. In 2022 the Tax Section of the California Lawyers Association awarded him the Joanne M. Garvey Award for lifetime achievement in and contributions to the field of tax law. Additional information is available at http://www.taxlitigator.com.

For more information, please contact Robert S. Horwitz at horwitz@taxlitigator.com

We are pleased to announce that Steven Toscher along with Wazirah Allen, IRS-Criminal Investigations, Director of International Operations and Jeffrey Neiman will be speaking at the upcoming University of San Diego School of Law – Chamberlain International Tax Institute on Where There is Tariff Evasion, Tax Fraud is not Far Behind, February 16-17,2026, at Centro Internacional de Congresos en Mérida, México.

Tariff fraud often creates ripples beyond customs enforcement — leading directly into income tax fraud cases. This panel will discuss the important role the IRS Criminal Investigations is playing in the joint task force on combating tariff and customs fraud and will discuss real-world patterns where undervaluation, false invoicing, and transshipment schemes in customs filings lead to customs fraud and tax evasion. The panel will explore coordinated enforcement between the Department of Justice and various US and foreign investigative agencies. 

Click Here for More Information

For more information, please contact Steven Toscher at toscher@taxlitigator.com.

We’re pleased to announce that Sebastian Voth and Philipp Behrendt will be teaching this online course on Taxation of Digital Assets offered by UCLA Extension from February 10th through March 17th.

This online course prepares legal and tax professionals to plan, analyze, and implement compliant reporting for digital-asset transactions under current IRS rules. We concentrate on statutory and regulatory interpretation (e.g., §§1001, 1012, and §6045 broker reporting), classification of common and advanced transactions (swaps, wrapping/unwrapping, staking/mining, LP, lending), and practical reconciliation of Form 1099-DA with on-chain and exchange data. Participants will examine best practices, common pitfalls, audit-readiness techniques through case studies, and study relevant case law and current IRS guidance.

The aim and focus of the Course is to develop a practitioner-level command of the legal characterization and reporting mechanics of digital-asset activity, enabling participants to identify mismatches between broker reports and taxable events, advise clients effectively, and document defensible tax positions.

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Sebastian Voth is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., specializing in tax investigations, litigation and appeals, and complex tax matters. Prior to entering private practice, Mr. Voth served for 15 years at the Internal Revenue Service including most recently as a Special Trial Attorney with the IRS Office of Chief Counsel’s Strategic Litigation Division leading trial teams in all phases of litigation before the Tax Court. During his tenure with the IRS, Mr. Voth served on the leadership team of the nationwide IRS Counsel mentoring program and mentored numerous IRS attorneys. He is the recipient of two Lucite Awards for significant Tax Court opinions and received a 2024 Special Act Award (Strategic Litigation), the 2023 Nationwide Innovator of the Year (LB&I), the 2022 Nationwide Special Trial Attorney of the Year (SB/SE), the 2017 U.S. Department of the Treasury Outstanding Litigator and the 2017 Nationwide Attorney of the Year (SB/SE). Serving as a Special Trial Attorney, Mr. Voth handled some of the IRS’s most significant and complex litigation matters.

For more information, please contact Sebastian Voth at voth@taxlitigator.com

Philipp Behrendt is an Associate at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., licensed in California as well as in Germany and assists in advising clients in civil and criminal tax controversies as well as international money laundering investigations stemming from tax avoidance structures. He also focuses on the technical aspects involved in advising voluntary disclosures in connection with DeFis, NFTs, and other crypto assets. Philipp is a Liaison to the Young Lawyer Committee for the ABA Tax Section’s Civil and Criminal Tax Penalties Committee and served on the Beverly Hills Bar Association’s Barristers Board of Governors from 2022 to 2023. Philipp is the Chair of the Beverly Hills Bar Association’s Tax Section and the Blockchain and Web3 Law Section.

For more information, please contact Philipp Behrendt at behrendt@taxlitigator.com.

Social security and Medicare tax is based on wages paid employees under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) § 3101 and “net earnings from self-employment” under IRC § 1401.  “Net earnings from self-employment” is defined in IRC § 1402 and includes an individual partner’s “distributive share … of income or loss” of the partnership.  Section 1402 contains enumerated exclusions.  In 1976, Congress added subsection (a)(13) to § 1402, which reads:

(13) there shall be excluded the distributive share of any item of income or loss of a limited partner, as such, other than guaranteed payments described in section 707(c) to that partner for services actually rendered to or on behalf of the partnership to the extent that those payments are established to be in the nature of remuneration for those services.

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Robert S. Horwitz is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., former Chair of the Taxation Section, California Lawyers’ Association, a Fellow of the American College of Tax Counsel, a former Assistant United States Attorney and a former Trial Attorney, United States Department of Justice Tax Division.  He represents clients throughout the United States and elsewhere involving federal and state administrative civil tax disputes and tax litigation as well as defending clients in criminal tax investigations and prosecutions. In 2022 the Tax Section of the California Lawyers Association awarded him the Joanne M. Garvey Award for lifetime achievement in and contributions to the field of tax law. Additional information is available at http://www.taxlitigator.com.

For more information, please contact Robert S. Horwitz at horwitz@taxlitigator.com