
For many partnerships, § 1402(a)(13) long appeared to offer a relatively straightforward rule: a limited partner’s distributive share of partnership income generally is excluded from self-employment income, while guaranteed payments for services are not. The difficulty has always been that the Code does not define “limited partner,” leaving open how much weight should be given to state-law status and, separately, to the partner’s actual role in the business.
Section 1402(a)(13) excludes from net earnings from self-employment a limited partner’s distributive share of partnership income, while generally leaving guaranteed payments for services subject to self-employment tax. The provision has been essentially unchanged since 1977. What Congress did not do was define “limited partner.”

Philipp Behrendt is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., licensed in California as well as in Germany and assists in advising clients in civil and criminal tax controversies as well as international money laundering investigations stemming from tax avoidance structures. He also focuses on the technical aspects involved in advising voluntary disclosures in connection with DeFis, NFTs, and other crypto assets. Philipp is a Liaison to the Young Lawyer Committee for the ABA Tax Section’s Civil and Criminal Tax Penalties Committee and served on the Beverly Hills Bar Association’s Barristers Board of Governors from 2022 to 2023. Philipp is the Chair of the Beverly Hills Bar Association’s Tax Section and the Blockchain and Web3 Law Section.
For more information, please contact Philipp Behrendt at behrendt@taxlitigator.com.

Robert S. Horwitz is a Principal at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C., former Chair of the Taxation Section, California Lawyers’ Association, a Fellow of the American College of Tax Counsel, a former Assistant United States Attorney and a former Trial Attorney, United States Department of Justice Tax Division. He represents clients throughout the United States and elsewhere involving federal and state administrative civil tax disputes and tax litigation as well as defending clients in criminal tax investigations and prosecutions. In 2022 the Tax Section of the California Lawyers Association awarded him the Joanne M. Garvey Award for lifetime achievement in and contributions to the field of tax law.
For more information, please contact Robert Horwitz at horwitz@taxlitigator.com.

Marc Montano is an Associate at Hochman Salkin Toscher Perez P.C. where his focus is on representation of clients in civil and criminal tax litigation and investigations. Mr. Montano joined the firm in 2026 while attending NYU Law School, where he received his LL.M. in Taxation.
Prior to joining the firm, Mr. Montano interned with the IRS Office of Chief Counsel where he worked on matters including a case stemming from one of the largest tax fraud cases in history of over $7 billion in fraudulent tax deductions. His experience at the IRS included successfully arguing a Motion to Dismiss before the U.S. Tax Court, working on tax shelter cases before trial and matters before the IRS Independent Office of Appeals. Mr. Montano also interned with the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana, where he gained experience in federal civil and criminal litigation.
For more information, please contact Marc Montano at montano@taxlitigator.com















